Linux系统安装软件四种方式(＂Linux软件安装：四种方法一览＂)

＂Linux软件安装：四种方法一览＂,Linux系统安装软件四种方式。小编来告诉你更多相关信息。

Linux系统安装软件四种方式

一个电脑小知识，为大家介绍Linux系统安装软件四种方式方面的知识，如有不对的地方欢迎指正！

Linux系统安装软件四种方式：

• 绿色安装
• yum安装
• rpm安装
• 源码安装

1. 绿色安装

这种方式最简便，一般提供Compressed Archive压缩文档包，如Java软件的压缩文档包，只需要解压、设置环境变量即可直接使用。

# 下载软件https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads/# 新建java软件存放路径mkdir /opt/java# 解压tar -xvf jdk-21_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz -C /opt/java# 设置环境变量vim /etc/profile.d/java.shJAVA_HOME=/opt/java/jdk-21.0.1/CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/libPATH=JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATHexport JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH# 加载环境变量source /etc/profile.d/java.sh# 检验java环境是否配置好java

2. yum安装

• 前提条件是有网络
• 需要安装的软件及版本，yum源里刚好有。

# 搜索redis源yum search redis# 查看redis详细信息yum info redis# 安装redis软件yum -y install redis# 查看redis状态systemctl status redis# 设置开机自启systemctl enable redis# 启动redis服务systemctl start redis

3. rpm安装

需要的软件及版本，只提供了rpm包

3.1 rpm常用命令

# 安装一个包rpm -ivh 包名# 升级一个包rpm -Uvh 包名# 查询包是否安装rpm -q 包名# 查询安装包详情信息rpm -qi 包名# 列出服务器上的一个文件属于哪个rpm包rpm -qf 文件名# 列出所有安装的rpm包rpm -qa# 卸载包rpm -e 包名

[root@centos ~]# rpm --helpUsage: rpm [OPTION...]Query/Verify package selection options:  -a, --all                        query/verify all packages  -f, --file                       query/verify package(s) owning file  -g, --group                      query/verify package(s) in group  -p, --package                    query/verify a package file  --pkgid                          query/verify package(s) with package identifier  --hdrid                          query/verify package(s) with header identifier  --triggeredby                    query the package(s) triggered by the package  --whatrequires                   query/verify the package(s) which require a dependency  --whatprovides                   query/verify the package(s) which provide a dependency  --nomanifest                     do not process non-package files as manifestsQuery options (with -q or --query):  -c, --configfiles                list all configuration files  -d, --docfiles                   list all documentation files  -L, --licensefiles               list all license files  --dump                           dump basic file information  -l, --list                       list files in package  --queryformat=QUERYFORMAT        use the following query format  -s, --state                      display the states of the listed filesVerify options (with -V or --verify):  --nofiledigest                   don\'t verify digest of files  --nofiles                        don\'t verify files in package  --nodeps                         don\'t verify package dependencies  --noscript                       don\'t execute verify script(s)Install/Upgrade/Erase options:  --allfiles                       install all files, even configurations which might otherwise be skipped  --allmatches                     remove all packages which match  (normally an error is generated if                                    specified multiple packages)  --badreloc                       relocate files in non-relocatable package  -e, --erase=+           erase (uninstall) package  --excludedocs                    do not install documentation  --excludepath=             skip files with leading component    --force                          short hand for --replacepkgs --replacefiles  -F, --freshen=+     upgrade package(s) if already installed  -h, --hash                       print hash marks as package installs (good with -v)  --ignorearch                     don\'t verify package architecture  --ignoreos                       don\'t verify package operating system  --ignoresize                     don\'t check disk space before installing  -i, --install                    install package(s)  --justdb                         update the database, but do not modify the filesystem  --nodeps                         do not verify package dependencies  --nofiledigest                   don\'t verify digest of files  --nocontexts                     don\'t install file security contexts  --noorder                        do not reorder package installation to satisfy dependencies  --noscripts                      do not execute package scriptlet(s)  --notriggers                     do not execute any scriptlet(s) triggered by this package  --nocollections                  do not perform any collection actions  --oldpackage                     upgrade to an old version of the package (--force on upgrades does this                                   automatically)  --percent                        print percentages as package installs  --prefix=                   relocate the package to , if relocatable  --relocate==           relocate files from path  to   --replacefiles                   ignore file conflicts between packages  --replacepkgs                    reinstall if the package is already present  --test                           don\'t install, but tell if it would work or not  -U, --upgrade=+     upgrade package(s)  --reinstall=+       reinstall package(s)Common options for all rpm modes and executables:  -D, --define=\'MACRO EXPR\'        define MACRO with value EXPR  --undefine=MACRO                 undefine MACRO  -E, --eval=\'EXPR\'                print macro expansion of EXPR  --macros=              read  instead of default file(s)  --noplugins                      don\'t enable any plugins  --nodigest                       don\'t verify package digest(s)  --nosignature                    don\'t verify package signature(s)  --rcfile=              read  instead of default file(s)  -r, --root=ROOT                  use ROOT as top level directory (default: \"/\")  --dbpath=DIRECTORY               use database in DIRECTORY  --querytags                      display known query tags  --showrc                         display final rpmrc and macro configuration  --quiet                          provide less detailed output  -v, --verbose                    provide more detailed output  --version                        print the version of rpm being usedOptions implemented via popt alias/exec:  --scripts                        list install/erase scriptlets from package(s)  --setperms                       set permissions of files in a package  --setugids                       set user/group ownership of files in a package  --setcaps                        set capabilities of files in a package  --restore                        restore file/directory permissions  --conflicts                      list capabilities this package conflicts with  --obsoletes                      list other packages removed by installing this package  --provides                       list capabilities that this package provides  --requires                       list capabilities required by package(s)  --info                           list descriptive information from package(s)  --changelog                      list change logs for this package  --xml                            list metadata in xml  --triggers                       list trigger scriptlets from package(s)  --last                           list package(s) by install time, most recent first  --dupes                          list duplicated packages  --filesbypkg                     list all files from each package  --fileclass                      list file names with classes  --filecolor                      list file names with colors  --fscontext                      list file names with security context from file system  --fileprovide                    list file names with provides  --filerequire                    list file names with requires  --filecaps                       list file names with POSIX1.e capabilitiesHelp options:  -?, --help                       Show this help message  --usage                          Display brief usage message

＂Linux软件安装：四种方法一览＂,Linux系统安装软件四种方式。小编来告诉你更多相关信息。

Linux系统安装软件四种方式

# 安装java的jdkrpm -ivh jdk-21_linux-x64_bin.rpm# 查看安装的jdkrpm -qa | grep \"jdk\"# 忽略依赖关系强制卸载jdkrpm -evh --nodeps jdk-21-21.0.1-12.x86_64

4. 源码安装

软件给的是C语言的源代码，需要编译成二进制，再安装。

Linux下安装软件，大型软件docker、oracle一般放/opt目录下；/usr目录一般由软件包管理器（yum、apt）来管理；/usr/local是用户级程序目录，/usr/local/src是用户级存放目录。

以安装nginx为例

# 安装依赖yum install -y gcc pcre-devel openssl-devel

4.1 执行configure脚本

./configure [option…]

• 通过选项传递参数，指定安装路径、启用特性等；执行时会参考用户的指定以及Makefile.in文件生成Makefile
• 检查依赖到的外部环境，如依赖的软件包

tar -xvf nginx-1.25.3.tar.gzcd nginx-1.25.3./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --user=nginx --group=nginx

选项说明：

4.2 编译、安装

# 编译make 

• make 根据Makefile文件，会检测依赖的环境，进行构建应用程序

4.3 安装

# 安装make install

• make install 复制文件到相应路径

4.4 操作nginx

# 启动服务/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx# 重新加载配置文件/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload# 设置软连接ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx  /usr/local/sbin/# 强制停止nginx -s stop# 安全退出nginx -s quit# 查看进程ps -ef | grep nginx# 测试curl 127.0.0.1

4.5 创建服务器

编写配置文件

# 编写配置文件vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service# 写入这些信息[Unit]Description=nginxAfter=network.target[Service]Type=forkingExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -tExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginxExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reloadExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quitPrivateTmp=true[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

使用systemctl管理nginx服务

systemctl enable nginxsystemctl strat nginxsystemctl status nginx

以上就是带来的Linux系统安装软件四种方式的详细介绍，您了解和帮助到您了吗？